Burials on private land

Burials usually take place in purpose-designed cemeteries and churchyards, but there are some alternative burial options which can be considered.

Wealthy families with large estates have, for centuries, built a mausoleum or burial chambers and vaults on their land, for the burial of a family member.

The right to a private burial place has persisted from the days when Quakers often used to bury their relatives in the garden. More recently, particularly with the media coverage, families are keen to have 'green' or alternative burials, and the number of burials which have taken place on private land (i.e. farmland or within gardens) has significantly increased.

The charity, Natural Death Centre also supports the less formal approach to funerals. However, the difficulties and procedures are also significant, although these vary according to the location. The definition of private land might be farmland or even a back garden.

There is nothing in the public general law, which prevents the burial of a deceased person in ground other than a cemetery. The only exception to this is where the burial on private ground would constitute a public health risk.

Points to consider

The definition of a burial ground or cemetery is where two or more people are laid to rest in accordance with a licence and conditions, which are issued from the Home Office. Therefore, if the intention is to bury the whole family together, it would not be permissible to allow the interments to take place on private land and the local authority cemetery would have to be used for this purpose.

It would be necessary to seek permission from the local planning department if you wanted to erect a memorial structure to commemorate the person The land owner must check with his solicitor that there is no covenant on the deeds to the land that could prohibit the burial on the land.

The land owner must check that no bye law is being broken. This can be done by contacting the local planning department.

The value of your property will significantly decrease if you considered moving after the burial has taken place. Many buyers might not even consider the purchase of a property that has a body buried in the garden.

If you did move to another address, the Home Office may not give permission to move or 'exhume' the body to allow a re-burial in your new land.

You would not be able to gain access to the burial place if you sold the property/land to someone else and you would not be able to continue to pay your respects to your loved one. This could cause a lot of heartache and upset.

Not all coffin manufacturers would be willing to sell a traditional coffin 'direct' to the public, and alternative options may be necessary, for example, the use of a cardboard or wicker coffin. Details may be found in the cemetery office.

Technical requirements

The burial site should be on land with a deep water table and be sufficient distance from watercourses so as not to pose a pollution threat.

The Department of the Environment must be informed of your intentions to bury privately, but generally have no objections as long as the following standards are adhered to:

• No burial to be permitted within 100 metres of a borehole or well spring
• No burial within 10 metres of drain, ditch or watercourse
• No burial in waterlogged/poor draining ground
• Electrical and other services must be avoided. You may need to contact the gas and electricity board and request plans of the land to ensure your own safety
• Safe excavation of the grave is important and a minimum of 1 metre (3 feet) of soil must be left on top of the coffin lid/over the body after the burial has taken place. You may want to consider asking a local gravedigger who is used to working in graveyards if he could dig the excavation for you
• There is a requirement to record the burial on the deeds to the property, in accordance with the Registration of Burials Act 1864
• A location map must be attached to the deed to confirm the position of the grave and details of the name of the deceased, age, date and place of death should be recorded. This will reduce the potential complication of the police being called if human remains are discovered during future garden maintenance or building work. There are concerns over the issue of future problems, e.g. who would want to buy a property with a body in the garden, but the prospective buyer has the right to know that someone is buried within the grounds of the property.
• A certificate for burial issued by the coroner or registrar of birth and deaths (called the green disposal) will have to be obtained and any other procedural matters of the Registrar satisfied. The detachable section of this certificate needs to be completed and returned to the Registrar by the person who is arranging the burial. The Registrar does not record the place/location of the burial and this is why it is necessary to write these details on the deeds to the property.
• If there are any infectious disease concerns relating to the deceased person, then you must inform the local Environmental Health department.

There are legal ways, by which you can ensure that the grave remains untouched, but this will involve costs and you would need the services of a solicitor. You may request that the deeds to the property contain the instructions that the body must never be touched or removed from its resting place. This is called a restrictive covenant and would ensure that any new property purchaser could not apply for an exhumation and reburial of the deceased.

Summary

There are several advantages to this form of burial. It allows you to organise a very personal funeral, in which you maintain total control. You are able to reduce costs greatly by avoiding the use of a funeral director, by making your own coffin if you choose to use one and not having to purchase a grave or pay the fee for preparing it for burial in the cemetery.

Unfortunately, garden burial can cause much conflict if not all family members are in favour of this type of burial and the matter must be discussed at some length to ensure that you are doing the right thing for your loved one.

Useful addresses

The Natural Death Centre
In the Hill House
Watley Lane
Twyford
Winchester
SO21 1QX

Helpline: 0871 288 2098

Environmental Agency
PO Box 12
Richard Fairclough House
Knutsford Road
Latchford
Warrington
WA4 1HT

Telephone: 08708 506506
Email: enquiries@environmentagency.gov.uk

Environmental Health Department
Civic Centre
Chorley Road
Swinton
M27 5FJ

Fax: 0161 920 8484
Email: environmentalhealth@salford.gov.uk

Institute of Cemetery and Crematoria Management (ICCM)
City of London Cemetery
Aldersbrook Road
Manor Park
London
E12 5DQ

Telephone: 02089 894661

Development Control
Technical Services
Salford Civic Centre
Chorley Road
Swinton
M27 5AS

Telephone: 0161 779 6195
Email: planning.contact@salford.gov.uk

Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages
The Register Office
Town Hall
Chorley Road
Swinton
Salford
M27 5DA

Email: registeroffice@salford.gov.uk